Microsurgery is a subspecialty of surgery involved in reconstruction of small anatomic structures with the use of surgical microscopes. Microsurgery with the use of surgical microscopes was developed initially in the 1960’s to facilitate the repair of tiny blood vessels, using an operating microscope and surgical techniques already in use for middle ear surgery. It […]

Historically the some branches of surgery such as ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology started to miniaturize early and start using microsurgery with the use of surgical microscopes. In the last quarter of 20th century, miniaturization started to develop most branches of surgery including neurosurgery and cataract surgery. The basic feature was minimization of trauma to the body […]

Surgery is an accepted way of preventing stroke for patients with certain conditions. There are a number of conventional surgical techniques that have been in use for some time, including clipping aneurysms to prevent further bleeding and removing AVMs with the use of surgical microscopes.

Hand replantation is a microsurgery using surgical microscopes. Remarkable advances in microsurgery have made it possible to reattach amputated limbs with the use of surgical microscopes. Special microsutures and microscopes have been developed which allow a microvascular surgeon to repair the blood supply to the reattached limb.

Micro ear surgery is done with a surgical microscope. Surgery for the human sensory organs like the ear requires precision to achieve desirable results.
The unaided eye is not adequate to visualize and work in the narrow confines of the ear where dimensions are measured in millimeters. Holmgren was the first among the many surgeons who […]

Surgical microscope is a binocular microscope used to visualize fine structures within the area of a surgical procedure. It is also called operating microscope. It has wide range of surgical microscopes for different microsurgical procedures. Every Microscope has a pair of eye-piece and a separate set of objective lenses like Zoom and Step type. With […]

A bronchoscope is a thin elongated tube with a camera in the end, inserted through the mouth, trachea, into the lungs. This procedure allows pulmonologist to examine lung infections,lung cancer and any abnormalities such as foreign bodies that causes bleeding in patients’ airway.

Ureter is the pipe where the urine passess from the kidney into the bladder. If a stone lodged in a patient’s higher urinary tract, a fine type of endoscope is inserted through the bladder up to the ureter. The Uteroscope is a thin elongated fiber-optic device with small basket on its tip, used by the […]

A cystoscope consists of two ports. The optical port permits visualization of the real state of the bladder and second port that allows insertion of various instruments designed for biopsy (removal of tissue samples), treatment of small bladder tumors, removal of stones from the bladder, and removal of the prostate (prostatectomy).